Tissue Repair & Regeneration

Thymosin Beta-4

A full-length TB-4 signal for wound and anti-fibrotic research.

Last updated 12 August 2026

Studied forSoft-tissue repair · Anti-fibrotic action · Wound and ophthalmic trial context

Evidence on file4 randomised human trials · 1 human observational study · 1 animal study · 4 citations not yet graded

Strongest sourceNCT00382174: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Dose Response Study of the Safety and Efficacy o… (randomised human trial)

Mechanism

G-actin sequestration, Ac-SDKP release, and anti-fibrotic signaling.

Reported effects

What sources associate with this compound. Reported categories, not outcomes we have graded — each would need its own citation and rung.

Soft-tissue repair
Anti-fibrotic action
Wound and ophthalmic trial context

Dosing on file unverified

2-4 mg 2x/week, cycled 4–8 weeks

Reported dose	Volume	Draw
Low — 2 mg	0.4 mL	40 units
High — 4 mg	0.8 mL	80 units

What that assumes. Assumes 10 mg in 2 mL (5000 mcg/mL) drawn on a U-100 barrel — the preset on this record, not a recommendation and not the only way to mix it. Change the vial mass, the diluent or the barrel and every number in this table changes. Run your own.

Carried from a source that labels it unverified, and reproduced with that label attached. A record of what is reported, not a recommendation. No citation on this page establishes it.

Reconstitution

Vial	Diluent	Concentration	Typical dose	Draw
10 mg	2 mL	5000 mcg/mL	2000 mcg	40 units

mass ÷ diluent = concentration; dose ÷ concentration = volume; volume × the syringe factor = units on the barrel (100 for U-100, 40 for U-40). Run your own numbers.

Literature on file 10

animal in vivo
Effects of BPC-157 and TB-500 on Achilles tendon healing in rats: A histopathological and biomechanical study. graded on: an animal model — “rats”
human RCT
NCT00382174: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Dose Response Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Thymosin Beta 4 in the Treatment of Patients With Pressure Ulcers graded on: randomised and placebo-controlled — “Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled”
human RCT
NCT00832091: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Dose-Response Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Thymosin Beta 4 in the Treatment of Patients With Venous Stasis Ulcers graded on: randomised and placebo-controlled — “Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled”
human RCT
NCT01387347: A Double-Masked, Randomized, Single-Center Study Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of 0.1% Tβ4 Ophthalmic Solution Compared to Vehicle on the Signs and Symptoms of Dry Eye in the Controlled Adverse Environment (CAE) Model graded on: a randomised study — “Randomized, Single-Center Study”
human observational
NCT01393132: Comparative Study of Thymosin Beta 4 Eye Drops or Vehicle in the Treatment of Patients With Ocular Surface Defects Due to Severe Dry Eye graded on: a registered clinical study — “clinicaltrials.gov”
human RCT
NCT07586865: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group Phase IIc Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety, and Pharmacokinetics of Recombinant Human Thymosin Beta 4 Injection (NL005) in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction graded on: randomised and placebo-controlled — “Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled”

Not graded

4 citations whose study design could not be read from the title. Left ungraded rather than guessed at.

Identity

Space-filling 3D model of Thymosin Beta-4, carbon grey, nitrogen blue, oxygen red — Built from the SMILES on this record — the atoms, bonds and stereochemistry are exact. The shape is **one computed low-energy pose**, not a measured structure: a flexible peptide in solution has no single conformation. The skeletal formula below claims connectivity and nothing more, which is what we actually know.

2D chemical structure of Thymosin Beta-4 — Built from the SMILES on this record — the atoms, bonds and stereochemistry are exact. The shape is **one computed low-energy pose**, not a measured structure: a flexible peptide in solution has no single conformation. The skeletal formula below claims connectivity and nothing more, which is what we actually know.

Molecular weight: 4963
Molecular formula: C212H350N56O78S
PubChem CID: 45382195
InChI key: UGPMCIBIHRSCBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Sequence: SDKPDMAEIEKFDKSKLKKTETQEKNPLPSKETIEQEKQAGES
SMILES: CCC(C)C(C(=O)NC(CCC(=O)O)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)NC(CC(=O)O)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(CO)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(C(C)O)C(=O)NC(CCC(=O)O)C(=O)NC(C(C)O)C(=O)NC(CCC(=O)N)C(=O)NC(CCC(=O)O)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(CC(=O)N)C(=O)N2CCCC2C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)N3CCCC3C(=O)NC(CO)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(CCC(=O)O)C(=O)NC(C(C)O)C(=O)NC(C(C)CC)C(=O)NC(CCC(=O)O)C(=O)NC(CCC(=O)N)C(=O)NC(CCC(=O)O)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(CCC(=O)N)C(=O)NC(C)C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(CCC(=O)O)C(=O)NC(CO)C(=O)O)NC(=O)C(CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)C(C)NC(=O)C(CCSC)NC(=O)C(CC(=O)O)NC(=O)C4CCCN4C(=O)C(CCCCN)NC(=O)C(CC(=O)O)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)C
InChI: InChI=1S/C212H350N56O78S/c1-16-106(7)166(261-190(323)131(64-75-160(292)293)231-172(305)109(10)228-174(307)134(78-91-347-15)245-196(329)140(98-165(302)303)255-201(334)147-53-39-88-266(147)209(342)135(52-29-38-87-221)250-197(330)139(97-164(300)301)254-198(331)143(100-269)229-113(14)276)204(337)246-129(62-73-158(288)289)187(320)233-118(47-24-33-82-216)179(312)252-137(94-114-42-19-18-20-43-114)194(327)253-138(96-163(298)299)195(328)237-121(50-27-36-85-219)181(314)258-144(101-270)199(332)239-119(48-25-34-83-217)178(311)251-136(92-104(3)4)193(326)236-116(45-22-31-80-214)175(308)235-122(51-28-37-86-220)189(322)263-168(110(11)273)207(340)249-133(66-77-162(296)297)192(325)264-169(111(12)274)206(339)248-126(58-69-152(224)279)184(317)243-128(61-72-157(286)287)186(319)234-120(49-26-35-84-218)180(313)256-142(95-153(225)280)211(344)268-90-40-54-148(268)202(335)257-141(93-105(5)6)210(343)267-89-41-55-149(267)203(336)259-145(102-271)200(333)238-117(46-23-32-81-215)177(310)244-132(65-76-161(294)295)191(324)265-170(112(13)275)208(341)262-167(107(8)17-2)205(338)247-130(63-74-159(290)291)188(321)241-125(57-68-151(223)278)183(316)242-127(60-71-156(284)285)185(318)232-115(44-21-30-79-213)176(309)240-124(56-67-150(222)277)173(306)227-108(9)171(304)226-99-154(281)230-123(59-70-155(282)283)182(315)260-146(103-272)212(345)346/h18-20,42-43,104-112,115-149,166-170,269-275H,16-17,21-41,44-103,213-221H2,1-15H3,(H2,222,277)(H2,223,278)(H2,224,279)(H2,225,280)(H,226,304)(H,227,306)(H,228,307)(H,229,276)(H,230,281)(H,231,305)(H,232,318)(H,233,320)(H,234,319)(H,235,308)(H,236,326)(H,237,328)(H,238,333)(H,239,332)(H,240,309)(H,241,321)(H,242,316)(H,243,317)(H,244,310)(H,245,329)(H,246,337)(H,247,338)(H,248,339)(H,249,340)(H,250,330)(H,251,311)(H,252,312)(H,253,327)(H,254,331)(H,255,334)(H,256,313)(H,257,335)(H,258,314)(H,259,336)(H,260,315)(H,261,323)(H,262,341)(H,263,322)(H,264,325)(H,265,324)(H,282,283)(H,284,285)(H,286,287)(H,288,289)(H,290,291)(H,292,293)(H,294,295)(H,296,297)(H,298,299)(H,300,301)(H,302,303)(H,345,346)

Classified as

Actin Regulationmechanism: It is a genuinely molecular mechanism with a named binding partner, which puts it on firmer ground than the vaguer repair labels. Binding actin in a tube is still not a repair outcome, and a record should carry a rung for each.

Also called

Thymosin Beta-4

Not on file 1

1 of the 8 fields we track hold nothing on this record, and each says why. A blank field is a bug; a named absence is a finding.

CAS registry numberthe reference database returned nothing for it

Each field links to every other record missing the same thing. The full ledger holds 521 gaps across 136 records.